![]() ![]() Therefore, diverting carbon allocation from sugars to lipids, in HL plants, likely alters other metabolisms in the plant cells. The intracellular availability of sugars is well recognized for its roles in communication between sugar sensing and redox chemistry. Throughout the day/night cycle, plants breakdown assimilated carbon through respiration for growth and maintenance. ĭuring the day, plants fix inorganic CO 2 by carboxylating ribulose-bisphosphate, producing phosphorylated intermediates which is subsequently partitioning into several central metabolic pathways, including the generation of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. speculated the trade-off between lipids and sugars in HL leaves might alter the leaf sugar homeostasis, which in turn mitigates negative feedback on photosynthesis. To explain this secondary growth benefit, Beechey-Gradwell et al. These plants had up to twice the FA content in mature leaves (from ~ 3.5% to ~ 7% dry weight (DW)) as well as increased plant CO 2 assimilation rate and biomass. We previously reported the development of transgenic lines of high-lipid (HL) perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne) and Arabidopsis, that co-express diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT, the enzyme for TAG biosynthesis) and cysteine-oleosin (Cys-OLE, a modified oleosin designed to protect lipid droplets from proteolysis). Increased TAG synthesis in vegetative tissues can be achieved by promoting the carbon flux into fatty acid (FA) and TAG synthesis through the manipulation of enzymes and/or transcriptional regulators whilst suppressing FA catabolism, including FA utilization and TAG turnover. To address this, we and others have been exploring biotechnological approaches to increase the levels of energy-rich triacylglycerol (TAG) content in plant non-seed tissues. The climate crisis and increasing world population mean dramatic increases in the production of food, forage and renewable fuels is needed using the existing agricultural land. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.įunding: This manuscript was funded by AgResearch Science Prize 2017 and the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment through the research programme (C10X1603).Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The minimal dataset is contained in the paper and Supporting information files. ![]() Received: JAccepted: SeptemPublished: October 13, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Winichayakul et al. PLoS ONE 17(10):Įditor: Jong-Seong Jeon, Kyung Hee Univeristy, REPUBLIC OF KOREA (2022) Insight into the regulatory networks underlying the high lipid perennial ryegrass growth under different irradiances. ![]() Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of carbon and energy homeostatic regulatory mechanisms to overall productivity of the HL Lolium through photosynthesis, most of which are significantly impacted by low irradiances.Ĭitation: Winichayakul S, Macknight R, Le Lievre L, Beechey-Gradwell Z, Lee R, Cooney L, et al. Many of the above upregulated or downregulated transcript levels were found to be complemented by growing the plants under low light. The plants also had altered several transcripts involved in mitochondrial oxidative respiration and redox potential. ![]() Under standard lights, analysis of differentiating transcripts in HL Lolium reveals that the plants had elevated transcripts involved in lipid metabolism, light capturing, photosynthesis, and sugar signalling while reduced expression of genes participating in sugar biosynthesis and transportation. In this study, we demonstrated that the growth advantage was not displayed in HL Lolium grown in spaced pots under low lights. Besides, the underlying genetic regulatory network linking between leaf lipid sinks and these physiological changes remains unknown. The greater aboveground biomass was found to be diminished in a dense canopy compared to spaced pots. Under favourable conditions, perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne) engineered to accumulated high lipid (HL) carbon sink in their leaves was previously shown to also enhance photosynthesis and growth. ![]()
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